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Rough er function11/6/2023 It is therefore a potential channel for long-distance or regional communication within neurons, independent of action potentials or physical transport of cargos, but involving its physiological roles such as Ca 2+ or organelle homeostasis. ER appears to be physically continuous throughout axons, over distances that are enormous on a subcellular scale. While axonal ER shares many features with the tubular ER network in other contexts, these features must be adapted to the long and narrow dimensions of axons. This tubular network structure is determined by ER-shaping proteins, mutations in some of which are causative for neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). It has many potential roles: lipid biosynthesis, glucose homeostasis, a Ca 2+ store, protein export, and contacting and regulating other organelles. In axons, ER is mainly smooth, forming a tubular network with occasional sheets or cisternae and low amounts of rough ER. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unlike other intracellular organelles, this forms a physically continuous network throughout the cell, with a single membrane and a single lumen. The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their maintenance. ![]() ![]() Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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